The seislet framework was defined by Fomel and Liu (2010). It is based on the discrete wavelet transform and different data patterns, such as slopes or frequencies. In plane-wave construction (Fomel, 2010; Fomel and Guitton, 2006), a seismic trace is predicted from its neighbors by following locally varying slopes of seismic events. It has been used for designing PWD-seislet transforms. Liu et al. (2015) proposed a velocity-dependent (VD) slope as the pattern in VD-seislet transform, where the normal moveout (NMO) equation serves as a bridge between local slopes and scanned NMO velocities. Seislet transforms with slope patterns show different characteristics compared to wavelet transform. Wavelet transforms involve no special pattern and sample shift is treated as an elementary prediction. Compared with PWD-seislet transform that predicts local plane waves, VD-seislet transforms involve the traces in common-midpoint (CMP) gather and predict elements along a time-distance curve.
The general guidelines
of the lifting scheme (Sweldens and Schröder, 1996) can be followed for the
discrete wavelet transform to define seislet
transforms. The basic prediction
and update
operators for a simple seislet transform are shown as follows
(Fomel and Liu, 2010):
Liu et al. (2015) used the classical hyperbolic model of reflection moveout at near offset to define seismic local slopes
For more general cases, the shifted hyperbola NMO equation (Malovichko, 1978; Castle, 1994; Fomel and Grechka, 2001) can be used to obtain more accurate slopes in some situations, such as large-offset gather or VTI media. The nonhyperbolic NMO equation is shown as follows:
The generalized velocity-dependent (VD) slopes
can be calculated by:
After the generalized velocity-dependent (VD)-slope pattern of seismic
data is calculated, pattern-based operators
can be
designed through plane-wave construction, which guarantees
representation of nonhyperbolic primaries by the generalized
VD-seislet transform. When the generalized VD-seislet transform is
applied to a CMP gather, the predictable reflection information is
compressed to large coefficients at small scales. The sparse
characteristic of the generalized VD-seislet transform is suitable for
reconstructing missing data in the inverse problem framework.