Interferometric imaging condition for wave-equation migration |
Consider the complex signal
which depends on time
. By definition, its Wigner distribution function (WDF)
is (Wigner, 1932):
A special subset of the transformation equation C-1 corresponds to zero
temporal frequency. For input signal
, we obtain the
output Wigner distribution function
as
The WDF transformation can be generalized to multi-dimensional signals
of space and time. For example, for 2D real signals function of space,
, the zero-wavenumber pseudo WDF can be formulated as
For illustration, consider the model depicted in Figure 1(a). This model consists of a smoothly-varying background with random fluctuations. The acoustic seismic wavefield corresponding to a source located in the middle of the model is depicted in Figure 1(b). This wavefield snapshot can be considered as the random ``image''. The application of the 2D pseudo WDF transformation to images shown in Figure 1(b) produces the image shown in Figure 1(c). We can make three observations on this image: first, the random noise is strongly attenuated; second, the output wavelet is different from the input wavelet, as a result of the bi-linear nature of the pseudo WDF transformations; third, the transformation is isotropic, i.e. it operates identically in all directions. The pseudo WDF applied to this image uses grid points in the vertical and horizontal directions. As indicated in the body of the paper, we do not discuss here the optimal selection of the WDF window. Further details of Wigner distribution functions and related transformations are discussed by Cohen (1995).
ss,wfl-6,wdf-6
Figure 12. Random velocity model (a), wavefield snapshot simulated in this model by acoustic finite-differences (b), and its 2D pseudo Wigner distribution function (c). |
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Interferometric imaging condition for wave-equation migration |